'The study of the human race, its culture and society, and its physical development is called' can be termed as:

• Anthropology:
English meaning: the study of the human race, its culture and society, and its physical development.
Bangla meaning: নরবিজ্ঞান; নরবিদ্যা; নৃতত্ত্ব।

Other options,
ক) Archaeology:
English meaning: the study of the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects that belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to learn about their culture and society.
Bangla meaning: প্রত্নতত্ত্ব; প্রত্নবিদ্যা।

গ) Philosophy:
English meaning: the use of reason in understanding such things as the nature of the real world and existence, the use and limits of knowledge, and the principles of moral judgment.
Bangla meaning: জ্ঞানের অন্বেষা, অস্তিত্বের স্বরূপ ও অর্থ বিষয়ে অনুসন্ধান

ঘ) Theology:
English meaning: the study of religion and religious belief.
Bangla meaning: ধর্মতত্ত্ব; ঈশ্বরের প্রকৃতি এবং ধর্মীয় বিশ্বাসের ভিত্তিসম্পর্কিত জ্ঞানশাখা।

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.