That child died………..heavy fever.

die of (disease): He died of cholera.
die from (effect ): He died from snake bite/ over eating.
die for (shake / cause): He died for his country .
die in ( place / month / year): He died in 1950./ He died in London. / He died in a hospital in Dhaka.
die in (accident ): He died in a train accident.
die on ( name of day /spot death): He died on the spot./ He died on Monday.
die at( time): He died at 9–30 am.
die between ( time): He died between 9 a m to 9–30 am.
die within (time ): He died within five minutes.

That child died of heavy fever.