Examination of birth, death, and disease rates to understand community well-being -

• 'Examination of birth, death, and disease rates to understand community well-being' is called - Demography.

• Demography (Noun)
English Meaning: The statistical study of populations, especially human populations, including birth, death, migration, and disease rates, to understand the overall well-being of a community or society.
Bangla Meaning: জনসংখ্যাতত্ত্ব; জনসংখ্যা, জন্ম, মৃত্যু, এবং রোগের হার বিশ্লেষণ করে সমাজের সার্বিক অবস্থা বোঝা।

Other options:
ক) Topography (ভূমিবিজ্ঞান): The study of the physical features of an area, including its landforms, elevations, and natural features like rivers, mountains, and valleys.

খ) Anthropology (মানবতত্ত্ব): The study of human societies, cultures, and their development, focusing on aspects like behavior, customs, and evolution.

ঘ) Geography (ভূগোল): The study of the Earth's physical features, climate, resources, and the distribution of life, including human societies and their interactions with the environment.

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.