'A word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning, or a different spelling and meaning' can be termed as -

Options,

ক) Homophone:
English meaning: a word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning, or a different spelling and meaning.
Bangla meaning: যেসব শব্দের উচ্চারণ অভিন্ন, কিন্তু অর্থ, বানান বা উৎপত্তি বিভিন্ন, যেমন some/sum [সাম্‌], knew/new [নিঊ]; সমস্বন/সমোচ্চারিত শব্দ।

Example: The words "sow" and "sew" are homophones.

খ) Synonym:
English meaning: a word or phrase that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase in the same language.
Bangla meaning: সমার্থক শব্দ; প্রতিশব্দ; সমনাম; ‘Shut’ and ‘Close’ are synonyms.

Example: The words "small" and "little" are synonyms.

গ) Acronym:
English meaning: an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something, pronounced as a word
Bangla meaning: কোনো নামের আদ্যক্ষরসমূহের সমন্বয়ে গঠিত শব্দ, যেমন UNO (United Nations Organization); আদ্যক্ষরা।

Example: AIDS is an acronym for "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome".

ঘ) Jargon:
English meaning: special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work.
Bangla meaning: পারিভাষিক বা বিশিষ্টার্থক শব্দে পূর্ণ ভাষা; বিভাষা: the jargon of linguists/economists.

Example: military/legal/computer jargon.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.