Clause: A clause is a part of a sentence. There are two main types: independent (main clauses), dependent (subordinate clauses).
Types of clauses:
Independent clauses: A clause in a complex sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence. In other words, An independent clause is a clause that can stand on its own as a distinct sentence. Examples: - I love eating cookies. - My dog barks a lot.
Dependent clauses: It needs an independent clause to finish or complete the sentence. Ex. When I got home, I ate dinner. Dependent clauses are sometimes known as subordinate clauses. Example: When I grow up
Source: Oxford Practice grammar and A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.